Quantification of diclofenac in natural waters by the photo-induced fluorescence (PIF) method

Authors

  • Jean-Marie Bakhoum Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Analyse, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
  • Olivier Maurice Aly Mbaye Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Analyse, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
  • Јean Pierre Bakhoum Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Analyse, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
  • Mame Diabou Gaye-Seye Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Analyse, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
  • Clément Trellu Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, Université Gustave Eiffel, Champs-sur-Marne, Marne-la-Vallée, France
  • Atanasse Coly Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Analyse, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-6548
  • Jean-Jacques Aaron Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, Université Gustave Eiffel, Champs-sur-Marne, Marne-la-Vallée, France https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3067-8392

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2024.2901

Keywords:

Fluorescence

Abstract

A photo-induced fluorescence (PIF) method was developed for the quantification of diclofenac sodium, sodium 2-[2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)phenyl]acetate (NaDCF), in natural waters. Since diclofenac is not naturally fluorescent, its photoconversion under UV irradiation was carried out to produce highly fluorescent photoproduct(s) in various media (water, methanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and a water-isopropanol mixture). The photoproduct responsible for the intense fluorescence of NaDCF in aqueous media was identified as chloro-carbazole by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Several PIF parameters were optimized. Using the PIF method, a highly fluorescent diclofenac photoproduct was obtained at λex/λem = 235/360 nm, with optimum fluorescence achieved after 10 min irradiation in a water-isopropanol mixture (90:10 v/v). The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for diclofenac sodium in this medium were 0.11 ng ml–1 and 0.37 ng ml–1, respectively, with low relative standard deviation (RSD) values. The PIF calibration curves demonstrated good linearity, extending over one to three orders of magnitude, with correlation coefficients (R2) near unity, indicating good reproducibility. Analytical applications of this method to natural water samples yielded satisfactory results, with average recovery rates ranging from 84.77 to 101.72 %.

Author Biographies

Jean-Marie Bakhoum, Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Analyse, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal

Department of Photochemistry and Analysis

Assistant Professor

Olivier Maurice Aly Mbaye, Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Analyse, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal

Department of Photochemistry and Analysis

Assistant Professor

Jean-Jacques Aaron, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, Université Gustave Eiffel, Champs-sur-Marne, Marne-la-Vallée, France

Laboratory Geomateriaux and Environment

Full Professor (Emeritus)

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Published

2024-12-04

How to Cite

Bakhoum, J.-M. ., Mbaye, O. M. A. ., Bakhoum Ј. P., Gaye-Seye, M. D., Trellu, C., Coly, A., & Aaron, J.-J. (2024). Quantification of diclofenac in natural waters by the photo-induced fluorescence (PIF) method. Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 43(2). https://doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2024.2901

Issue

Vol. 43 No. 2 (2024): Golden Jubilee

Section

Analytical Chemistry

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Copyright (c) 2024 Jean-Marie Bakhoum, Olivier Maurice Aly Mbaye, Јean Pierre Bakhoum, Mame Diabou Gaye-Seye, Clément Trellu, Atanasse Coly, Jean-Jacques Aaron

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